One way of creating a variation in a population is through genetic replication errors. This will make new type of alleles. Environmental factors causes variation such as affecting enzyme activity and function. The changes would show in the phenotype of an organism.
A lake is so deep that light cannot reach all the way to the bottom, so the photosynthesis occurs in the top layers. A pond can have rooted plants, because light reaches down to the very bottom.
During episode 7 of "Cosmos: A spacetime odyssey", Clare Patterson thanks the scientist who have come before him, among these, he mentions Charles Lyell and Michael Faraday.
Cosmos was a popular television science documentary series. Episode 7 titled "The Clean Room", explored the work of Clare Patterson and during said episode, as he awaits the sample from the spectrometer, Patterson proceeds to give thanks for the advancement of science by those who have come before him.
Patterson states that he wishes to give thanks to scientists who have come before him and proceeds to mention names such as:
- J. J. Thomson.
- Ernest Rutherford
- Harrison Brown
- Charles Lyell
- Michael Faraday
all of which were renowned scientists with great contributions to the knowledge we possess today. He ends the thank you by stating that they now know the age of the Earth and with a symbolic "We did it."
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