The correct answer is the powers the constitution delegated to it.
During the development of the Constitution, the Anti-federalists were concerned about the size and power of the federal government. Many of these individuals were fearful that a strong federal government would become corrupt, just like Britiain's was before the colonists declared their independence. In order to prevent a tyrannical central government, the Anti-federalists proposed having the federal government only having the powers specifically given to them in the US Constitution.
Ernest Rutherford contributed to the atomic theory by discovering that the atom is mostly empty space.
He can to that conclusion because he fired alpha particles at gold foil, which was so thin that it was only around .00004 cm thick, and while almost all shot straight through, some actually bounced back!
He likened it to shooting a 15-inch round(bullet) at tissue paper, only to have it bounce right back at you! Based on this, he theorized that the atom is mostly empty, which is why a majority of the particles passed right through, but in the very center of the atom there is a super-dense structure called a nucleus that held a majority of the atom's mass. This super-dense mass would be more than massive enough to deflect the particle, should they collide.
