I think you mean the Umayyad Caliphate and your question is from which country to which country this empire streched at the time (correct me if I'm wrong!)
So, their conquest of Spain hasn't started till 711 on the West, their land streched to today's Morocco.
In the east, they have reached the north of India, what is today mostly in Pakistan.
Answer:
Reactive devaluation
Explanation:
From the scenario described. It can be observed that the students gave the idea a lower rating because it was coming from the opposing side. Hence, this is am an example of REACTIVE DEVALUATION.
This is because Reactive Devaluation is a term that describes a form of mental bias from one party towards another. This arises when a plan is devalued by party A because the plan comes from party B who is perceived as the opponent.
Hence, in this case, the students' reaction is an example of Reaction Devaluation
Whenever a research is done, you must reject or accept a null hypothesis (the one you consider is not correct) or your work hypothesis (the theory you think is must probably accurate or close to the truth) usually, when performing a research, you will not always obtain positive or statistically significant results, that validate your hypothesis. Is actually, not unusual that extremes (or extraordinary results) come out (unexpected for several reasons: incorrect size of the sample, improper selection of the subjects- a bias- lack of correct determination of the variable measured or failure to determine the type of the variable-numerical, categorical, ratio,etc-)
Positive or negative results are yet, results whether they prove or reject your hypothesis. Failing to establish a scientific hypothesis does not necessarily mean that they did something wrong, it just says that the hypothesis tested does not approach correctly to the epistemological truth (ultimately, any research is only a mere approximation to reality). Therefore, when two scientists deny sharing<em> unusual results</em>, they are acting unethically, hiding results that can mean something from a different point of view.
reference
Nicholson, R. S. (1989). On being a scientist. Science, 246(4928), 305-306.
Answer:
The Jazz Age was a cultural period and movement that took place in America during the 1920s from which both new styles of music and dance emerged. Largely credited to African Americans employing new musical techniques along with traditional African traditions, jazz soon expanded to America's white middle class.
