Explanation:
Nepal moved from unitary system with a three-level federal system of government. As federalism accelerates, the national health system can also speed up its own decentralization process, reduce disparities in access, and improve health outcomes. The turn towards federalism creates several potential opportunities for the national healthcare system. This is because decision making has been devolved to the federal, provincial and local governments, and so they can make decisions that are more representative of their localised health needs. The major challenge during the transition phase is to ensure that there are uninterrupted supplies of medical commodities and services. This requires scaling up the ability of local bodies to manage drug procurement and general logistics and adequate human resource in local healthcare centres. This article documents the efforts made so far in context of health sector federalization and synthesizes the progress and challenges to date and potential ways forward. This paper is written at a time while it is critical to review the federalism initiatives and develop way forward. As Nepal progress towards the federalized health system, we propose that the challenges inherent with the transition are critically analysed and mitigated while unfolding the potential of federal health system.
Keywords: Challenges and Opportunities, Decentralization, Federalism, Health Reform, Health Sector, Nepal
Background
With the promulgation of its constitution in 2015, Nepal replaced a unitary government with a federal system of government.1 This process has made Nepal a federal democratic republic governed with three levels of government: a federal level, seven provinces and 753 local government.2 It also led to local elections in late 2017 for the first time in two decades, a landmark achievement signalling that federalism is being implemented.2 With the ongoing restructuring of the health system delivery, this article aims to synthesize the progress and challenges to date and potential ways forward based on the perspective of the federal government. The progress of federalization in Nepal is also considered in light of the experiences of other countries that have implemented federalism, and these remarks may be pertinent to progressively guide the management of the health sector federalization.
Current Situation in Nepal
During the last few decades, Nepal Government has made significant progress towards reducing maternal, under-five and infant mortality rates. During the same period, Nepal was able to halt and reverse the trends of tuberculosis
The answer is relative. To simplify, the core anthropological concept is based on the idea that people construct their version of reality in relation to the particular context in which the culture has existed. The cultural beliefs, values, and behaviors are relative to the circumstances in which they are constructed. The cross-cultural understanding means determining the relations that lead to specific assemblies. In addition, the cultural anthropology is a division of anthropology that is concentrated on the study of cultural variation between humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology in which distinguishes cultural variation as a subdivision of the anthropological constant.
Answer:
to limit the freedom of its citizens :)
Explanation:
I was looking for the same question and found it
An iqv of .35, which describes the level of racial diversity in a southern u.s. state, can be interpreted as 'the southern state of interest sees 35% of the maximum possible differences'.
The index of qualitative variation (IQV) is a measure of the variability of nominal variables such as race, ethnicity, and gender. This type of variable classifies people into categories that cannot be ranked, as opposed to being able to measure income and education that changes from high to low. The index of qualitative variation can vary from 0.00 to 1.00. If we want to look at the changing racial diversity of a place over period of time, we can use the IQV to see how diversity has evolved.
Know more about index of qualitative variation here
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Answer: d. $72,179
Explanation:
For couples filing jointly in 2018, their tax rates are as follows:
10% for $0 to $19,050
12% for $19,051 to $77,400
22% for $77,401 to $165,000
24% for $165,001 to $315,000
32% for $315,001 to $400,000
But income tax is progressive, so the tax rate only applies to the amount in that bracket above the basic tax. So their first income of $19050 is taxed at 10% and the next 58350 is taxed at 12% and so on.
For a taxable income of 340000
, the applicable tax is as follows:
19050 at 10% = 1905
58350 at 12% = 7002
87600 at 22% = 19272
150000 at 24% = 36000
25000 at 32% = 8000
1905 + 7002 + 19272 + 36000 + 8000 = $72,179
