Abraham Lincoln was a member of the Republican Party.
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Discretionary spending is spending that is subject to the appropriations process, whereby congress sets a new funding level each fiscal year (which begins October 1st) for programs covered in an appropriations bill. Mandatory spending is simply all spending that does not take place through appropriations legislation.
The population of Puerto Rico traces its ancestry in mostly the Spanish colonists and the indigenous people of the island. They have mixed over time and gradually created a mestizo population, which became the dominant population on the island and still is. There are of course some other influences in the gene pool of the Puerto Ricans, with some of it being from the African continent because of the African slaves that were brought, but it is a small minority, and it is also a population that has been heavily mixed.
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I belive it is Pollock v. Farmer’s Loan and Trust Company