The imperial education and examination system in China is estimated to have been founded as early as the Han dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE), and is strongly based on meritocratic ideals that persist in Chinese education to this day.
Slaves were brought to the colonies via boat which they were tightly crammed in
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar were all once part of the British colony of India. This was the most important possession in the British Empire, and the British were very reluctant to grant it independence.