Answer:
Answer 1: Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) escaped from slavery in Maryland to become a leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, and he was known for his oratory skills and antislavery writings and he produced several abolitionist newspapers.
Answer 2: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) was a minister and activist who became an important leader in the black community and the key spokesperson for the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
Explanation
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Frederick Douglass learned to read and write from one of the slaveowners he lived with when he was about 12 years old. He escaped from slavery and started his own newspaper in New Bedford, Massachusetts called The North Star where there was a thriving black community. He married twice and his family would help him in his activist work and anti-slavery speeches and writings which were not always well received with the public. He had to evade capture in the 1840s by traveling to the UK where his supporters there helped to buy his legal freedom so he could return to the United States and continue his activism.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was a minister who advanced civil rights but through the ideas of nonviolence and civil disobedience, ideas that showed that he was influenced by the Indian independence leader, Mahatma Gandhi. King led many of the most visible and important protests of the Civil Rights Movement including the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott, nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama, and the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965. In 1963 he gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech with the march on Washington DC. In 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. He was considered a radical by the United States government, especially during President Hoover's administration, who placed him under investigation by the FBI. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.
The Iran–Contra Scandal (Persian: ماجرای ایران-کنترا, Spanish: caso Irán-Contra), also referred to as Irangate,[1] Contragate[2] or the Iran–Contra affair, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo.[3] The administration hoped to use the proceeds of the arms sale to fund the Contras in Nicaragua. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by the government had been prohibited by Congress.
The official justification for the arms shipments was that they were part of an operation to free seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by Hezbollah, a paramilitary group with Iranian ties connected to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The plan was for Israel to ship weapons to Iran, for the United States to resupply Israel, and for Israel to pay the United States. The Iranian recipients promised to do everything in their power to achieve the release of the hostages.[4][5] However, as documented by a congressional investigation, the first Reagan-sponsored secret arms sales to Iran began in 1981 before any of the American hostages had been taken in Lebanon. This fact ruled out the "arms for hostages" explanation by which the Reagan administration sought to excuse its behavior.[6]
The plan was later complicated in late 1985, when Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the National Security Council diverted a portion of the proceeds from the Iranian weapon sales to fund the Contras, a group of anti-Sandinista rebel fighters, in their struggle against the socialist government of Nicaragua.[4] While President Ronald Reagan was a vocal supporter of the Contra cause,[7] the evidence is disputed as to whether he personally authorized the diversion of funds to the Contras.[4][5][8] Handwritten notes taken by Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger on 7 December 1985 indicate that Reagan was aware of potential hostage transfers with Iran, as well as the sale of Hawk and TOW missiles to "moderate elements" within that country.[9] Weinberger wrote that Reagan said "he could answer to charges of illegality but couldn't answer to the charge that 'big strong President Reagan passed up a chance to free the hostages.'"[9] After the weapon sales were revealed in November 1986, Reagan appeared on national television and stated that the weapons transfers had indeed occurred, but that the United States did not trade arms for hostages.[10] The investigation was impeded when large volumes of documents relating to the affair were destroyed or withheld from investigators by Reagan administration officials.[11] On 4 March 1987, Reagan made a further nationally televised address, taking full responsibility for the affair and stating that "what began as a strategic opening to Iran deteriorated, in its implementation, into trading arms for hostages".[12]
The affair was investigated by the U.S. Congress and by the three-person, Reagan-appointed Tower Commission. Neither investigation found evidence that President Reagan himself knew of the extent of the multiple programs.[4][5][8] In the end, fourteen administration officials were indicted, including then-Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. Eleven convictions resulted, some of which were vacated on appeal.[13] The rest of those indicted or convicted were all pardoned in the final days of the presidency of George H. W. Bush, who had been Vice President at the time of the affair.[14] The Iran–Contra affair and the ensuing deception to protect senior administration officials (including President Reagan) has been cast as an example of post-truth politics.[15]
The two statements that are correct are:
Europeans from many countries settled in the colonies.
People from many religions settled in the colonies.
What come to mind for me is the Cold War. America was fighting for equal rights in eastern Europe and other places under Soviet/Communist infulence, and yet there were not equal rights for every one in America, especially for African-Americans in the south.
Having an all warrior society
