Creating policies for health and safety is part of which risk management strategy?

For fixed-rate bonds it's important to realize that the value of the bond has a(n)-Select relationship to the level of interest

pogonyaev

Answer:

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

It's necessary to remember that the value of fixed-rate bonds is inversely proportional to the level of interest rates. The value of the bond decreases as interest rates rise; moreover, the value of the bond rises as interest rates fall. A Bond with a lower coupon sells for less than its face value. When the going rate of interest is higher than the coupon rate, this condition arises. The value of the asset would increase over time. A higher coupon bond is one that sells for a higher price than its face value. When the going rate of interest is lower than the coupon rate, this condition arises. Its value will gradually decrease until it reaches its maturity value. A par value bond that sells at par, with a coupon rate equal to the current interest rate. The coupon is usually set at the going market rate on the day the bond is sold, so it sells at par at first.

Calculations:

C = Coupon Payments = $60 (Par Value x Coupon Rate)

n = number of years = 10

i = market rate or required yield = 7% = 0.007

K = number of coupon payments in 1 year = 1

P = value at maturity or par value = 1000

Present value of ordinary annuity formula:

Bond Price = C/k * $[\frac{1 - \frac{1}{(1 + \frac{i}{k})^{nk} } }{\frac{i}{k} } ]$ + $\frac{P}{(1 + \frac{i}{k})^{nk} }$

Just plug in the values and you will get:

Bond Price = 60 x 7.02 + 508.35

Bond Price = 421.41 508.35

Bond Price = $929.76

Similarly,

Data:

C = Coupon Payments = $60 (Par Value x Coupon Rate)

n = number of years = 10

i = market rate or required yield = 7% = 0.007

K = number of coupon payments in 1 year = 2

P = value at maturity or par value = 1000

Present value of ordinary annuity formula:

Bond Price = C/k * $[\frac{1 - \frac{1}{(1 + \frac{i}{k})^{nk} } }{\frac{i}{k} } ]$ + $\frac{P}{(1 + \frac{i}{k})^{nk} }$

Just plug in the values and you will get:

Bond Price = 30 x 14.21 + 502.57

Bond Price = 426.37 + 502.57

Bond Price = $928.94

8 0

3 years ago

Determine the amount of money that must be invested now (time 0) at 10% nominal interest, compounded monthly, to provide an

Veseljchak [2.6K]

Answer:

the amount of money that must be invested now is $21068.87

Explanation:

Given that:

Nominal interest = 10%

Annuity = 7000

n = 8 years

The Effective interest rate is calculated by using the formula:

Effective interest rate = $( 1 + \dfrac{r}{100 \times n})^n-1$

Effective interest rate = $( 1 + \dfrac{10}{100 \times 8})^8-1$

Effective interest rate = 0.1045

Effective interest rate = 10.45 %

Thus ; the the amount of money that must be invested now is the present value with the annuity of $7, 000 per year for 12 years, starting eight years from now.

$PV = 7000(\dfrac{(1+ 0.1045)^{12}-1}{0.1045(1 + 0.1045)^{12}})( \dfrac{1}{(1+ 0.1045)^8})$

PV = 7000 × 6.666056912 × 0.4515171371

PV = $21068.87

Thus; the amount of money that must be invested now is $21068.87

4 0

3 years ago

Billings Company has the following information available for September 2017.

kumpel [21]

Answer:

Part a

Contribution Margin = 29.95% (2 d.p)

Part b

Billing Company

CVP Income for as at September 2017

Total Per Unit

$ $

Sales 295704 444

Less Variable Costs (138084) (311)

Contribution 157620 133

Fixed Costs (59850) 89.86

Net Income 97770 43.14

Part c

Billing`s break even point is 450 units

Part d

Billing Company

CVP Income for as at September 2017 - Break Even Point

Total Per Unit

$ $

Sales 199800 444

Less Variable Costs (139950) (311)

Contribution 59850 133

Fixed Costs (59850) 133

Net Income 0 0

Explanation:

Part a

Contribution Margin = Contribution/Sales × 100

Therefore contribution margin is ($444-$311)/$444 * 100 = 29.95% (2 d.p)

Part b

Sales - Variable Cost = Contribution

Net Income = Contribution - Total Fixed Costs

Part c

Break Even Point is when Billings neither makers a profit or loss.

Break Even Point ( Units) = Total Fixed Cost/Contribution per unit

Therefore Break Even Point (Units) = $59850/$133 = 450 units

Part d

The total and unit CVP should neither reflect a profit or loss at a capacity of 450 units as this is the break even point. In this case profit = nill

7 0

3 years ago

When is competition deemed desirable in business, when is it undesirable?

OverLord2011 [107]

Competition is also considered the basis for capitalist or free market economies.

Competition is desirable when the price charged to individuals equals the marginal cost of production to each firm. In other words, one can say sellers charge buyers a reasonable or fair price.

Competition is undesirable when it leads to a lower output and increased costs. Competition is undesirable in business because you have to prevent new innovative ideas surviving due to firms operating with high research and development costs alongside dominant advertising. In addition fewer incentives to cut costs because of a lack of competitors.

Read more: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Clo-Con/Competition.html#ixzz7Booeb5l4

6 0

3 years ago

In a simple, closed economy (no government or foreign sector), disposable income increases from $2,000 to $3,000. If consumption

tamaranim1 [39]

Answer:

The marginal propensity to save is 0.4

Explanation:

The marginal propensity to save is 1 - marginal propensity to consume.

The marginal propensity to consume is the proportion of an increase in income that the consumers will spend from this increased income and the marginal propensity to save is the proportion of the increase in income that will be saved.

The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) = Change in consumption / change in income

The MPC = (2100 - 1500) / (3000 - 2000) = 0.6

Thus, the marginal propensity to save is 1 - 0.6 = 0.4

8 0

3 years ago