Answer: The Twelve Tables (aka Law of the Twelve Tables) was a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets created in ancient Rome in 451 and 450 BC. They were the beginning of a new approach to laws where they would be passed by government and written down so that all citizens might be treated equally before them.
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It’s common to describe ruthless or devious politicians as “Machiavellian.” But rarely in the United States have we seen an embodiment of the traits Machiavelli admired quite like Donald Trump, the president-elect.
Go down the list of Trump’s controversial characteristics and you will find many of the qualities the cynical Machiavelli thought were essential for a tough leader. Trump can be a liar, which the Florentine philosopher believed was sometimes a necessary part of leadership. He can be a bully, like some of the Italian potentates Machiavelli lauded. He has boasted of a voracious sexual appetite, like Machiavelli himself.
To say that Trump displays attributes that Machiavelli deemed necessary in the fractious, perpetually warring states of the 16th century is not to recommend him as a modern leader. Nobody would want a neo-feudal dictator to lead a 21st-century democracy, you might think. But the American public voted Tuesday for Trump, perhaps in part because it shares Machiavelli’s concept of strength, or as he liked to call it, “virtue
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The biggest principle that the allies wanted to clean up after Napoleon was legitimacy.
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Napoleon was a legitimate, recognized head of state, who everyone except England was allied with at one time or another. As a foreigner, they couldn’t execute the French head of state for acting on behalf of France. To just declare him a criminal and shoot him would have been admitting that the Czar of Russia and Emperor of Austria had been making deals with a criminal.
Also, some of the allies LIKED changes made by Napoleon and wanted to keep it. For example, Kings of the Confederation of the Rhine wanted to keep being Kings, not Grand Dukes or Electors. It was in their interest to not declare Napoleon an outright criminal.
Even the allies holding him on St. Helena wasn’t backed by law. How they were treating Napoleon had no legal precedence. They were making things up as they were going along. The reason why the British would never allow Napoleon to set foot on England was that Napoleon’s supporters would have filed a Habeas Corpus suit on behalf of Napoleon and make the British courts answer what law they were holding Napoleon under.
In the long run it actually played to the advantage of British that Napoleon was alive and under their control. Letting loose Napoleon was the ultimate political trump card they had against the Germans and the French.
The two countries were Germany and Russia.
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. I hope this helps. found it online
