The Protestant Reformation in Northern Europe drew large numbers of people away from the Roman Catholic Church.<u> The Catholic Reformation known as well as the Catholic Revival or The Counter-Reformation,</u> begin in the second half of the 16th century and continuing into the 17th, aimed at preserving what strength the Church still in the southern countries.
On April 12, 1861, forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Less than two days later, the fort surrendered. No one was killed. The battle, however, started the Civil War, the bloodiest conflict in American history.
<span>it helped the islamic empire expand without using violence. </span>
