<span>Billy is having trouble in the concept of conservation, which is part of the concrete operational stage of cognitive development.
Trouble in conservation means that Billy is unable to understand that a change in the form of an object does not necessarily mean that the quantity of it has changed. In this instance, Billy has not acquired the ability to understand the 1/2 full glass of orange juice does not increase in quantity when it's poured in his favorite (smaller glass) and reaches its brim.</span>
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": The minimal-effects model.
Explanation:
The hypodermic-needle research model is a communication model that suggests that the intended message is <em>received directly and fully accepted by the recipient</em>. I was based on studies of the influence of Nazi propaganda on the mass media and the impact of Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s.
The minimal-effects model, on the contrary, is mainly used in political science in order to explain that political campaigns <em>convert and convince voters only partially</em>.
Gretta's negative predisposition toward the brand can be referred to as her: attitude.
<h3>What is Attitude?</h3>
Attitude can be described as a psychological concept, which can be said to be a mental and emotional entity exhibited by an individual towards something or an object.
How a person feels about and towards something or a person, can be negative or positive, which is their attitude.
Therefore, Gretta's negative predisposition toward the brand can be referred to as her: attitude.
Learn more about attitude on:
brainly.com/question/25379849