It is a way to find out the purpose that is going to be achieved in a short story and to list details about it.
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Pathos came from the Greek word which means suffering. So this means it is a rhetorical device that appeals to the emotion of the audience and elicit feelings that are already inside of them. It could be through the use of metaphor or with the way it is delivered.
B. Personification
Because in personification you give human traits to objects