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scoundrel [369]
3 years ago
9

Phagocytes are unable to adhere to bacteria that have external capsules concealing their membrane carbohydrates. Our immune syst

em gets around this problem by coating such pathogens with __________.
a) toll-like receptors
b) mucin phagosomes
c) opsonins
Biology
1 answer:
ludmilkaskok [199]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The correct answer is c) opsonins

Explanation:

Opsonization is a process in which proteins like antibodies and complement proteins called opsonins bind to the antigens and get it recognized by the phagocyted which destroys the antigen.

Especially when bacteria is having external capsule than it becomes difficult for phagocytes to attach to the capsular surface as the recognition molecule like membrane carbohydrate of antigen is concealed by capsule.

So to encounter this, antibodies like IgG and complement proteins like C3b attaches to the antigen and get it recognized and opsonized by the phagocytes like macrophages. This opsonization causes the destruction of antigen by enzymatic lysis.

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What is a major diffrence between facilitated diffusion and active transport
irina [24]

Answer:

Facilitated diffusion require no energy and travels down the gradient of concentration. On the other hand, active transport takes energy and travels up the gradient of concentration.

Hope this helps! Have a great day!!

5 0
2 years ago
Brief summary of conservation of forests &amp; wildlife <br><br> least 10 page
wel

With the advent of industrialization, several trees have been cut at an alarming rate for raw materials and various other purposes. This felling of trees can be regulated by selective cutting, clear-cutting and shelterwood cutting.

Forest fires are one of the common causes of loss of forests. Sometimes the forest land is set on fire to make the land available for commercial purposes. Once cleared, there can be no vegetation. Natural forest fires are also responsible for the destruction of huge forest covers. Latest fire fighting techniques should be adopted to conserve the forest. However, forest fires are an important part of the ecosystem and it helps replenish nutrients in the soil from dead and decaying matter.

More trees should be planted to increase the forest cover. Trees should be selected according to the geographical conditions of a particular region and proper care should be taken during the growth of trees.

Prevention of exploitation of forestry and forest products is necessary for the conservation of forest.

The existing forests should be protected from diseases by spraying chemicals, antibiotics or development of pest-resistant strains of trees.

8 0
2 years ago
How do schemas help structure our memories?
Ilia_Sergeevich [38]
Schemas refers to a cognitive frame work which help humans to organize and give interpretations to information obtained both from within and from the external enviroment. Schema guide human cognitive processes and behaviour. Schema helps in structuring our memories by acting as a glue which hold all the information we have gathered together. Shcema is used in recognizing new experience and in relating it with old experiences. Schema affects humans' perception, encoding, memory recall, etc.
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Briefly describe how amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling are used in genetic screening.
bearhunter [10]

Answer:

Amniocentesis is an invasive method that involves the aspiration of 10-20 ml of fetal water through the abdominal wall under ultrasound-guided control. In most cases, the procedure is performed around the 16th week of gestation. The fetal water sample contains fetal cells, mostly cells of fetal skin and the epithelium of the urinary tract.

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) biopsy is performed between weeks 11 and 12 of gestation. During biopsy, with ultrasound guidance, the tissue of the chorionic fossa is aspirated mainly across the abdomen (transabdominal pathway). The biopsy specimen is of fetal origin and belongs to the outer layer of blastocyst cells or the trophoblast (outer layer of the placenta). Very often, the biopsy specimen contains tissue of the decidua (mucous membrane of the uterus) that is of maternal origin, and it is necessary to remove the maternal tissue before any treatment of the sample.

Explanation:

The amniocentesis procedure carries a risk of miscarriage of 0.5-1%.  After aspiration of the fruit of the water, the sample is centrifuged to separate the cells from the amniotic fluid. Separate cells are seeded on a nutrient medium (cell culture) that stimulates cell growth. After about 14 days, the cell culture is further used for various genetic or biochemical analyzes such as karyotyping.

The advantage of chorionic biopsy is the amount of biological material, which is sufficient for the whole a number of different laboratory procedures. Also, a great advantage is the timing of the procedure as it allows diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the chorionic biopsy procedure itself carries a risk of miscarriage of 1-2%.

3 0
3 years ago
Ureterectasis is the __________ of a ureter.
Flauer [41]

The answer is dilation or expansion. It is because ureterectasis is a process of which the ureter of an individual is being stretch out that is why it is being referred to as dilation or an expansion of the area.

8 0
3 years ago
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