The answer is agriculture. Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. Making it one of the subsistence strategies predominant back in the southeastern culture area.
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The European explorers were looking for resources and trade routes, more specifically a quick and easy water route to the East Indies since the muslim Ottoman empire blocked the middle east.
