With pure democracy, he means a system in which every citizen votes directly for laws, and, with republic, he intends a society in which citizens elect a small body of representatives who then vote for laws.
The guideline of well known sway is reflected in the Declaration of Independence when the general population feel the administration is not treating them decently and choose to abrogate it. With respect to the Articles of Confederation enable individuals to have their way in their own state as they settled upon. Likewise, to shield each other from outside adversaries.
The Open Door Notes - sent by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 to open up Chinese ports to American merchants. European powers had "spheres of influence" in different port cities throughout China, and the United States wanted access to China's markets.
