They were expected to give the mother country with resources that would otherwise be unobtainable without trading or buying it from another country
Answer: Factors would be an easier way to make steel
Explanation: Before the Weimberg process making steel was more expensive.
So the question ask what is the result in the westward expansion in the mid 1800's and the best answer among your choices is letter A. increased dramatically. I hope you are satisfied with my answer and feel free to ask for more if you have clarifications
Mostly it was exhaustion, lack of supplies, new diseases (and old disease that became more common.) Also cold weather, bandits, and oxen dying on the trip.