Answer:
Imagine you have just flicked a lighter. If you don’t see the flame, you will naturally try a second time. If after the second attempt it does not strike a flame, you will repeat your action again and again until it does. Eventually, you’ll see the flame and you’ll know that your lighter works. But what if it doesn’t? How long are you going to flick the lighter until you decide to give up?
Our everyday life is full of such decision dilemmas and uncertainty. We constantly have to choose between options, whether we make the most ordinary decisions – should I continue flicking this lighter? – or life-changing choices – should I leave this relationship? We can either keep on doing what we are already used to do, or risk unexplored options that could turn out much more valuable.
Some people are naturally inclined to take more chances, while others prefer to hold on to what they know best. Yet being curious and explorative is fundamental for humans and animals to find out how best to harvest resources such as water, food or money. While looking at the Belém Tower – a symbol of Portugal’s great maritime discoveries – from my office window, I often wonder what drives people to explore the unknown and what goes on in their brains when weighing pros and cons for trying something new. To answer these questions, together with Dr. Zachary Mainen and his team of neuroscientists, we investigate how the brain deals with uncertainty when making decisions.
Explanation:
It is well known that the decision-making process results from communication between the prefrontal cortex (working memory) and hippocampus (long-term memory). However, there are other regions of the brain that play essential roles in making decisions, but their exact mechanisms of action still are unknown.
Answer:
no surplus or shortage
Explanation:
Equilibrium price is the price at which quantity demand equal quantity supplied. Above equilibrium price there is a surplus - quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded.
Below equilibrium price there is a shortage - quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied
If demamd increases by 100, new equilibrium is 40
Thus, ceiling price equal equilibrium
Price ceiling is when the government or an agency of the government sets the maximum price for a product. It is binding when it is set below equilibrium price.
Effects of a binding price ceiling
It leads to shortages
it leads to the development of black markets
it prevents producers from raising price beyond a certain price
It lowers the price consumers pay for a product. This increases consumer surplus
Answer:
The shift from AD1 to AD2 represents the total change in aggregate demand. If government purchases increased by $50 billion, then the distance from point A to point B would be greater than $50 billion.
Explanation:
Basically, aggregate demand can suffer two types of movements: displacements or changes in the slope. We are assuming a straight slope, but we could well analyze the case of an aggregate demand that is not straight.
DISPLACEMENTS
They are produced by changes in autonomous consumption. Changes in autonomous consumption may be due to changes in:
- Income distribution
- Access to credit
- Expectations
- Population changes
- Changes in relative prices between goods that belong to autonomous consumption (some foods) and goods that do not belong to autonomous consumption
CHANGES IN THE PENDING
They are produced by changes in the marginal rate to be consumed. Changes in the marginal rate to be consumed may occur due to:
- Changes in the utility function: they can change the preference for savings.
- Changes in income distribution
- Changes in the interest rate
Answer:
Ai Lun estimate that real rate would be 1%
Explanation:
The Formula for the Real Rate of Return is
Real rate of return =Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate
In this case ,
Nominal interest rate =3%
Inflation rate is given by the rising of the consumer prices =2%
So,
Real rate of return =3% - 2%
Real rate of return=1%
