Application, order, adjustment.
Answer:
B. How much space people like to keep between themselves and others
because she is shocked by what she sees
Answer is A.
The adverbial phrase in this sentence is A) for a moment. A phrase means that there is no finite verb, and adverb means that it denotes something (in this case, time).
B, C, and D cannot be correct because there is a verb there, which means it is a clause/fragment, but not a phrase.