Explanation:
Serpentine
- Formation: it forms through serpentinization, a geological low-temperature metamorphic process where low-silica mafic and ultramafic rocks are oxidized and hydrolyzed with water into serpentinite.
- Characteristics: rich in magnesium and water, light to dark green, greasy-looking and slippery feeling. It can resist the transfer of heat. A source of asbestos, architectural stone, ornamental stone, gem material
- Minerals present: it follows the formula (X)2-3(Y)2O5(OH)4 where X can be magnesium, iron, nickel, aluminum, zinc, or manganese; and, Y will be silicon, aluminum, or iron.
Green Schist
- Formation: they form by regional metamorphism of mafic igneous rocks through depth of burial, and proximity to batholiths.
- Characteristics: The green is due to abundant green chlorite
- Minerals present: actinolite and epidote mainly, but they can also include quartz, orthoclase, talc, carbonate minerals, and amphibole.
Basalt Pillow
- Formation: it forms when lava of basaltic compositions erupted underwater. The rapid cooling of the lava forms the pillow-shaped bodies.
- Characteristics: they are volcanic igneous rocks, very dark, almost black color.
- Minerals present: Basalt has a lower percentage of silica and a higher percentage of iron and magnesium than other volcanic rocks.
Umber
- Formation: it develops in Cyprus massive sulfide deposits.
- Characteristics: is not one precise color, but a range of different colors, from medium to dark, from yellowish to reddish to grayish depending on the iron oxide and manganese in the clay
- Minerals present: contains iron oxide and manganese oxide and sulfide precipitates like pyrite.
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The physical processes on Earth create constant change. These processes—including movement in the tectonic plates in the crust, wind and water erosion, and deposition—shape features on Earth's surface.Lithospheric Processes cause magmatism, mantle dynamics, and faulting, which in turn shape the Earth's ever-changing surface.
The four common Planet Surface Processes are: Cratering, Volcanoes, Erosion, and Weathering (chemical and physical).The Earth's surface is constantly changing through forces in nature. The daily processes of precipitation, wind and land movement result in changes to landforms over a long period of time. Driving forces include erosion, volcanoes and earthquakes.
Lithospheric Processes. Lithospheric Processes cause magmatism, mantle dynamics, and faulting, which in turn shape the Earth's ever-changing surface. ... We also study the high temperature systems in the Earth's interior that produce magmas, drive metamorphism, and create mantle heterogeneity.
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