Faith seems quite lonesome and sad, wishing for her loved husband to stay with her. And Goodman Brown seems very devoted to wherever he is going, and assures his wife she doesn't need to doubt him for he would be back soon. I hope this helps!
'Exert' means to apply force on influence over something else, this can be in a negative or positive way. In this quotation, it means that language, if used correctly, has the ability to express a 'hidden power'. It's also worth mentioning that the simile is relevant as the moon has an influence on the level of tides on Earth.
This would be "in media res" meaning "in the middle of things." It begins, quite frankly, in the middle of things and carries on from there.
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