B
<u>Temperature</u> is NOT a density-dependent factor affecting population growth
Explanation:
Density-dependent factors mean variables that are affected by the density of the population. The opposite of density-depend is density-independent factors. These are those variables that affect the density of the population but are not affected by the density of the population.
In this case, temperatures are not affected by the density of the population. However, temperatures affect the density of the population. Most individuals can only survive within an optimal temperature range.
The rest of the choices are density-dependent variables
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For more on dependent and independent variables check out;
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<span>it is incomplete and does not show all reactants and products.</span>
Glucagon - stored in the pancreas
Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
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