All of the organisms on earth together with their physical environment comprise the ecosystem.
<h3>What is ecosystem?</h3>
Ecosystem is defined as the area of the earth that is occupied by living organism such as plants, animals and their immediate environment.
There are different types of ecosystem which include the following:
Therefore, all of the organisms on earth together with their physical environment comprise the ecosystem.
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Answer:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease caused by infection of the X-Chromosome. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome from their mother and one copy of the Y chromosome from their father. If their X chromosome has a DMD gene mutation, they will have Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Females have two copies of the X chromosomes. Since females have two copies of this gene, if one copy does not work, they have a second back up copy to produce the dystrophin protein. People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy do not make the dystrophin protein in their muscles. DMD affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that gets worse over time.
Details about Neurotransmitters are described below.
Explanation:
1.Neurotransmitters are referred to as the body’s chemical messengers. They are the molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.
2.Terms in this set
- acetylcholine. A neurotransmitter used by neurons in the PNS and CNS in the control of functions ranging from muscle contraction and heart rate to digestion and memory.
- norepinephrine.
- serotonin.
- dopamine.
- GABA.
- glutamate.
- endorphin.
3.Neurotransmitters are made of the following :
- The amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), and glycine. All of these are amino acids, though GABA is not an amino acid that's found in proteins. ...
- The biogenic amines dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine, which are made from amino acid precursors.
4.Neurotransmitters can impact a specific area of the brain, including behavior or mood, their malfunctions can cause effects ranging from mood swings to aggression and anxiety. ... Understanding the way neurotransmitters function in the brain could lead to better treatments for mental disorders.
Answer:
All organisms have the same nucleotides
Explanation:
All organisms have DNA. DNA is made up of the nucleotides Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, and Cytosine, with Guanine pairing with Adenine, and Thymine pairing with Cytosine. The combinations of pairs in a sequence determine an organism's individual genes.
Answer:
Pepsinogen is produced by chief cells and is activated by hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells.
Explanation:
Pepsinogen is a proenzyme produced in the chief cells (that are located in the stomach lining) that, when gets activated, is transformed into pepsin - a peptidase with the function to degrade proteins into amino acids.
The reason why pepsinogen is released inactive is that it would break down all of the cell's proteins because of its proteolytic nature. For this reason, it is released as a proenzyme and gets activated when reaches the acidic environment provided by the hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells, also in the stomach lining.