The notion that cultural factors are the product of environmental conditions (e.g. the ancient Greek idea that Europeans were fierce and brutish because of the cold climate), is an example of cultural determinism.
Explanation: visible for example in Charles Montesquieu (L´Esprit de Lois). Geographical factors determine nature of people, their culture and political order/organization.
This is true It has happened before and was one of the factors that influenced the current position of the continents. It will surely happen again if one day an ice age happens.
The phases on the moon are angels that we see from the sun shining down on it. Every night it changes because of the Moon and Earth rotating around the sun.