The Pope was given the victory and the power at the time, however, it was short lived and eventually was one of the reasons that led to the future collapse of the Middle Ages.Why? Because he was able to decide what the church would teach and more importantly during this time he was able to determine who was an enemy of the church. If the Pope deemed someone as a foe of the church, he was able to Excommunicate those who opposed his teachings. With these changes, the Pope was able to gain a vast amount of political power as well as fame and fortune, due to his followers, and ultimately challenge the King for supreme power throughout the land. Something like that
The alliance system in Europe basically was if one country went to war, all of the other countries in that alliance would back up their buddy and go to war as well. This is what happened when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated and Austria-Hungary was arguing with Bosnia and each of their alliances go pulled in with them too.
Even though the devastation caused by the atomic bomb was tremendous, and had killed hundreds of thousands of Japanese citizens, the Emperor refused to back down. Surrender in the Japanese culture is shunned very harshly as it made one cowardly.
