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4 years ago

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Assume that messages sent between two programs can be lost, duplicated, delayed, or delivered out of order. Design a protocol th

at reliably allows the two programs to agree to communicate. Give your design to someone, and see if they can find a sequence of loss, duplication, and delay that makes the protocol fail.

Computers and Technology

1 answer:

vichka [17]4 years ago

7 0

Answer:

TCP/IP is the best choice.

Explanation:

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I'm not 100% on the answers . . .

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1. A, 2. C, 3. D, 4. A, 5. D, 6. A & B, 7. False, 8. D, 9. D, 10. D

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Which of the following best describes the purpose of a design specification?

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it is. Describing the requirements for how a program will work or users will interact with it

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Gemiola [76]

The generated test cases for the function assuming another developer coded the function is given below in a C++ program.

<h3>THE CODE</h3>

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

// define the data type "triangletype" with {values}

enum triangleType { scalene, isosceles, equilateral, noTriangle };

// Prototype function which returns the position of triangleType{value}

// Example: Scalene = 0, isosceles = 1, etc. These are zero indexed.

triangleType triangleShape(double a, double b, double c);

// Prototype function which takes the integer value of the

// triangle type and outputs the name of triangle

string shapeAnswer(int value);

int main() {

double inputA;

double inputB;

double inputC;

cout << "To determine whether a triangle is either:" << endl;

cout << setw(50) << " - Scalene" << endl; // Unequal in length

cout << setw(52) << " - Isosceles" << endl; // Two sides equal length

cout << setw(54) << " - Equilateral" << endl; // All sides equal

cout << setw(57) << " - Not a triangle" << endl;

cout << "Enter side A: ";

cin >> inputA;

cout << "Enter side B: ";

cin >> inputB;

cout << "Enter side C: ";

cin >> inputC;

cout << "The triangle is " << shapeAnswer(triangleShape(inputA, inputB, inputC)) << endl;

}

triangleType triangleShape(double a, double b, double c) {

triangleType answer;

if ( c >= (a + b) || b >= (a + c) || a >= (b + c) ) {

answer = noTriangle;

}

else if (a == b && b == c) {

answer = equilateral;

}

// Test the 3 options for Isosceles equality

else if ( (a == b) && (a != c) || (b == c) && (b != a) || (a == c) && (a != b) ) {

answer = isosceles;

}

else {

answer = scalene;

}

return answer;

}

string shapeAnswer(int value) {

string answer;

switch (value) {

case 0:

answer = "Scalene";

break;

case 1:

answer = "Isosceles";

break;

case 2:

answer = "Equilateral";

break;

case 3:

answer = "Not a triangle";

break;

default:

break;

}

return answer;

}

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Although the Earth's crust formed relatively early in the Earth's history, it was not present when the Earth first began to form

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The Earth is older than 4.28 billion years

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3 years ago

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Oxnard Casualty wants to ensure that their e-mail server has 99.98 percent reliability. They will use several independent server

sattari [20]

Answer:

The smallest number of servers required is 3 servers

<em />

Explanation:

Given

$Reliability = 99.98\%$

$Individual Servers = 95\%$

Required

Minimum number of servers needed

Let p represent the probability that a server is reliable and the probability that it wont be reliable be represented with q

Such that

$p = 95\%\\$

It should be noted that probabilities always add up to 1;

So,

$p + q = 1$ '

Subtract p from both sides

$p - p + q = 1 - p$

$q = 1 - p$

Substitute $p = 95\%\\$

$q = 1 - 95\%$

Convert % to fraction

$q = 1 - \frac{95}{100}$

Convert fraction to decimal

$q = 1 - 0.95$

$q = 0.05$

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<em>To get an expression for one server</em>

The probabilities of 1 servers having 99.98% reliability is as follows;

$p = 99.98\%$

Recall that probabilities always add up to 1;

So,

$p + q = 1$

Subtract q from both sides

$p + q - q = 1 - q$

$p = 1 - q$

So,

$p = 1 - q = 99.98\%$

$1 - q = 99.98\%$

Let the number of servers be represented with n

The above expression becomes

$1 - q^n = 99.98\%$

Convert percent to fraction

$1 - q^n = \frac{9998}{10000}$

Convert fraction to decimal

$1 - q^n = 0.9998$

Add $q^n$ to both sides

$1 - q^n + q^n= 0.9998 + q^n$

$1 = 0.9998 + q^n$

Subtract 0.9998 from both sides

$1 - 0.9998 = 0.9998 - 0.9998 + q^n$

$1 - 0.9998 = q^n$

$0.0002 = q^n$

Recall that $q = 0.05$

So, the expression becomes

$0.0002 = 0.05^n$

Take Log of both sides

$Log(0.0002) = Log(0.05^n)$

From laws of logarithm $Loga^b = bLoga$

So,

$Log(0.0002) = Log(0.05^n)$ becomes

$Log(0.0002) = nLog(0.05)$

Divide both sides by $Log0.05$

$\frac{Log(0.0002)}{Log(0.05)} = \frac{nLog(0.05)}{Log(0.05)}$

$\frac{Log(0.0002)}{Log(0.05)} = n$

$n = \frac{Log(0.0002)}{Log(0.05)}$

$n = \frac{-3.69897000434}{-1.30102999566}$

$n = 2.84310893421$

$n = 3 (Approximated)$

<em>Hence, the smallest number of servers required is 3 servers</em>

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3 years ago