The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
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Answer:
Explanation:
1. Prevention:- The best way to address a disaster is by being proactive.
2. Mitigation:- Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster.
4. Preparedness.
5. Response.
6. Recovery.
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Answer:
The correct answer is option (a)-"zone of cell proliferation".
Explanation:
Chondrocytes are cells within healthy cartilage, that secrete the cartilage's matrix and gets embedded in it. The zone of cell proliferation in bone development is found near the medullary cavity. In this zone, an expansive production of chondrocytes that align in rows is found and the cartilage matrix becomes more basophilic.
Answer:
63%
Explanation:
7% times 9 servings is 63
Answer: A!
Explanation: All biological organisms play a part in the earth's ecosystem, but consumers get energy from eating other organisms and producers make energy on their own. Grass is a producer, a self-sustaining organism that obtains its energy from the sun. In the process, it introduces new organic substances into the food chain and plays a key role for consumers. Grass forms the basis of the food chain because of this ability.
