<span>The Republican Party, also commonly called the GOP (for "Grand Old Party"), is the second oldest existing political party in the United States after its great rival, the Democratic Party. It emerged in 1854 to combat the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which threatened to extend slavery into the territories, and to promote more vigorous modernization of the economy. The Party had almost no presence in the South, but by 1858 in the North it had enlisted former Whigs and former Free Soil Democrats to form majorities in nearly every Northern state.
With its election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and its success in guiding the Union to victory and abolishing slavery, it came to dominate the national political scene until 1932. The Republican Party was based on northern white Protestants, businessmen, small business owners, professionals, factory workers, farmers, and African-Americans. It was pro-business, supporting banks, the gold standard, railroads, and high tariffs to protect factory workers and grow industry faster.
Under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, it emphasized an expansive foreign policy. The GOP ("Grand Old Party"), as it is often called, lost its majorities during the Great Depression (1929–40). Instead, the Democrats under Franklin D. Roosevelt formed a winning "New Deal" coalition, which was dominant from 1932 through 1964. That coalition collapsed in the mid-1960s, partly because of white Southern Democrats' disaffection with passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Republicans resurged, winning five of the six presidential elections 1968 to 1988, with Ronald Reagan as the party's iconic conservative hero. In recent times though, from 1992 to 2012, the Republican candidate has been elected to the White House in only two of the six presidential elections.
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Racism and discrimination lead to the rise of black nationalism and its rooted in the history of the United States.
Explanation:
The basic tenets of black nationalism can be linked back to African American leaders of the nineteenth century, such as the abolitionist Martin Delany, who proposed the emigration of free northern blacks to Africa, from where they would assist indigenous people in developing a nation. Twentieth-century witnessed the reaction to white racial discrimination and condemning the disparity between democratic principles of the United States and of it's reality of racism and segregation. Accomplishing massive national power through the Black Power movement of the 1960s, supporters of black nationalism promoted economic self-sufficiency, African American racial pride, and black separatism.
Serfs, also known as peasants, were the lowest class of citizen in feudal societies. They were allowed to live on land own by Lords in return for labor, which was practically slavery.
