Its (B) ......................................................................
The Great Western Schism was a split within the Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417. The schism was caused by a conflict between two papal claimants, one in Rome and the other in Avignon. The schism led to a decline in the authority of the papacy and a increase in the power of secular rulers.
The Great Western Schism also caused a decline in the power of the Catholic Church in Europe. The schism weakened the Church's authority and made it easier for secular rulers to challenge Church power. The schism also made it difficult for the Church to respond effectively to the problems of the time, such as the Hussite heresy.
The schism also had a negative impact on the Church's finances. The papacy was no longer able to collect revenues from all of Christendom, and this led to a decline in the Church's income. The schism also made it difficult for the Church to raise funds for its activities, such as missionary work.
The Great Western Schism was a significant threat to church power because it weakened the Church's authority, made it easier for secular rulers to challenge Church power, and had a negative impact on the Church's finances.
The answer is C. It is not direct but is implied through the elastic clause
Civil liberties protect us from government power. They are rooted in the Bill of Rights, which limits the powers of the federal government. The government cannot take away the freedoms outlined in the Bill of Rights, and any action that encroaches on these liberties is illegal.
In 1798, less than a decade after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the United States found itself embroiled in a European war that then raged between France and England. A bitter political debate divided the Federalists, who favored the English, and the Republicans, who favored the French. The Federalists were then in power, and the administration of President John Adams initiated a series of defense measures that brought the United States into a state of undeclared war with France.
The Republicans fiercely opposed these measures, leading the Federalists to accuse them of disloyalty. President Adams, for example, declared that the Republicans “would sink the glory of our country and prostrate her liberties at the feet of France.” Against this backdrop, the Federalists enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. The Alien Act empowered the president to deport any noncitizen he judged to be dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States. The act accorded the noncitizen no right to a hearing, no right to present evidence and no right to judicial review.
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