A refutation or contradiction.
The way an author writes (includes punctuation/capitalization, stanza and line length, figurative language, and sound devices)idiom<span>an expression that has a meaning different from the meaning of its individual words (type of fig. lang)</span>
It really depends on the person and what they think is more important -
A: You could show that the 2008 Olympics was Michael Phelps' "last hurrah" as it were, as he did not do as well in the 2012 games, BUT the paper is on the 2008 games and not Phelps himself
B: The proof of the use of steroids could be used to make a point that perhaps the security needs to be stepped up, or that in the modern world, sport is becoming too unfair as new drugs are invented because people feel the need to cheat for the cash prizes.
C: This is not really an essay topic, but perhaps you could combine it with B as a controversial point.
D:You could use this point as proof that the bar is being raised every year, and that talent is being found everywhere, better talent, even from poorer countries that you wouldn't expect. You could also tie in Jesse Owens.
Personally, I would use B as drugs is a hot topic around the world, but it is ultimately up to Jacob.
Answer:
Answers are:-
1. The question must be clear, concise, and have a single focus for research.
2. The question must be able to be answered using research from valid sources.
Explanation:
A research question is considered effective if it is valid, concise and clear. It should have a single focus. It cannot be ambiguous. We cannot answers a research question by either saying yes or no. Valid sources need to be researched to answer it. Only then, we can draw a proper conclusion to the same.
Thus, out of the given options first ans second statement are correct about a research question. Neither the question must not be related directly or indirectly to the topic as per third statement nor it should be simple as per fourth. The question must not have sub topics as per statement five, Thus, correct answers are statement one and two.