The answer is B. A is impossible and C isn't relevant
Answer:
This is because the level of energy decreases throughout the food pyramid.
At the beginning with producers, they contain the most energy or 100%. However, once they are consumed, the consumer loses 90% of the energy. Thus, primary consumers only get 10% of the energy, secondary consumers only get 1% and so on and so forth higher.
Because of the lack of energy being passed along within the food pyramid, higher order consumers (typically carnivores) must have a lot of prey to consume, but this also means competition. Therefore, higher in the ranks, there is more competition which leads to smaller populations.
Answer and Explanation:
Community ecology is a discipline that studies the organism's communities and the manner in which populations of species interact with each other within a particular habitat. Mark Vellend is an eco-evolutionist that developed a theoretical framework of ecological communities from a unified functional perspective. This theory is based on four forces of evolutionary biology: selection, drift, dispersal and speciation. This theory is used to explain how species interactions including parasitism, competition and predation may influence population fluctuations. On the other hand, this theoretical framework can also be used to understand how colonization, disturbance and habitat suitability components alter the dynamics of interacting species.
After a quick check, I can confirm that all of the answers stated in the question are correct.
As per questions one and two, Oxygen is drawn from the air by the lungs, a part of the respiratory system. The pulmonary veins then carry the oxygenated blood to the heart (these are the only veins to carry oxygenated blood), which is then pumped throughout the body through arteries. The path followed by the oxygen is:
- Oxygen is drawn into the lungs
- The Pulmonary artery takes blood to the lungs
- Hematosis occurs, transferring the oxygen to the blood
- The pulmonary veins take the oxygenated blood to the heart
- The aorta artery and its ramifications distribute the oxygenated blood throughout the body
In order to increase the amount of oxygen in times of greater need such as when exercising, the heart rate (pulse) and breathing rate increase to provide more oxygen, when an artery is blocked such is the case with Atherosclerosis, blood flow is reduced. Questions 3 and 4 are correct.
Lastly, a person's small intestine is lined with highly specialized cells whose function is to absorb the nutrients from the food we ingest. Damage to this lining would cause this organ to not be able to obtain the vitamins and nutrients needed for the human body. All answers are correct.
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