I would have to say world war one formed these alliances that lasted into world war two.
The answer for this one would Be A because
The argument is that the mortality transition occurs exogenously and is the cause of a subsequent decline in fertility and rise in urbanization. This exogenous demographic process plays out over time, and has effects on economic, social, and political development. Hope this helps. :)
The Jungle is written by Upton Sinclair who was an american journalist and novelist