Answer:
In April 2016, Chinese Railroad Workers Project scholars from Canada, China, Taiwan, and the U.S. traveled to the Sierra Nevada mountains to explore tunnels — many of them cut from solid granite — that Chinese workers excavated.
The terrain was unforgiving, even in the spring. Fisher told The New York Times that the guide she and her colleagues had been traveling with slipped on a patch of black ice in a tunnel and broke their shoulder.
“We literally would not be sitting in these buildings — these buildings would not exist — without the work of these Chinese workers.”
Shelley Fisher Fishkin
The labor was undoubtedly dangerous. Chang said that great numbers died, perhaps over 1000 workers. Construction casualty records were not kept, so the specific number remains unknown, but historians estimate that one in 10 workers lost their life from explosion accidents, landslides, avalanches, heatstroke or hypothermia. Research also shows the callous way in which Chinese workers, whose individual names were not recorded by Central Pacific, were often treated.
“To avoid interrupting construction schedules, labor contractors and line supervisors maintained a pool of able-bodied men who could replace injured and dead workers at a moment’s notice,”
Answer:
Use this to help!!
Explanation:
There are two types of spending in the federal budget process: discretionary and mandatory. Discretionary spending is spending that is subject to the appropriations process, whereby Congress sets a new funding level each fiscal year (which begins October 1st) for programs covered in an appropriations bill. Roughly one-third, or about $1 trillion, of the federal government’s activities are funded through appropriations legislation. Most of the direct activities of the federal government, such as those of the Federal Bureau of Investigations and Department of Defense, are funded through the annual appropriations process. Almost all education programs are discretionary spending programs, except for a small number of programs such as student loans, some vocational grants, school lunch, and a few tax benefit programs.
Mandatory spending is simply all spending that does not take place through appropriations legislation. Mandatory spending includes entitlement programs, such as Social Security, Medicare, and required interest spending on the federal debt. Mandatory spending accounts for about two-thirds of all federal spending. In most cases, but not all, mandatory spending is ongoing; it occurs each year absent a change in an underlying law that provides the funding. Discretionary spending, on the other hand, will not occur unless Congress acts each year to provide the funding through an appropriations bill. Tax legislation is treated as mandatory spending in many areas of the Congressional budget process.
Answer:pros:columbus improved food security to the old and new world.
cons:columbus used his travels to enter the slave-trading market
Explanation:were you talking about him?
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A reason for French exploration and colonization in North America is that A)They wanted to find a northwest sea passage to get to Asia. This can be seen with Jacques Cartier who claimed Canada for France and was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River. He made a voyage to the New World in hopes of discovering islands where big quantities of gold were supposed to be located.
