Answer:
Marbury v. Madison firmly established that the Supreme Court of the United States has the power to
determine the constitutionality and validity of the acts of the other two branches of government – a
concept that is a fundamental characteristic of American government. But this was not always the case.
In Marbury v. Madison, decided in 1803, the Supreme Court, for the first time, struck down an act of
Congress as unconstitutional. This decision created the doctrine of judicial review and set up the
Supreme Court of the United States as chief interpreter of the Constitution.
Explanation:
Brainliest?
Answer:
Napoleon was both a hero and a tyrant.
He was heroic when he brought law and order back to France, when the country was in chaos after the French Revolution. Then, he became a tyrant when he declared himself Emperor.
However, many of the principles that guided the French Revolution where included in his regime, and he developed a system of laws that is used in most of continental Europe to this day: the Napoelonic Code.
He got himself into many wars attempting at building a French-dominated Europe, and almost succeeded at it. He was defeated only because essentially of all Europe became his enemy, and joined forces against him.
As we can see, Napoleon is a complex and fascinating figure that cannot be classified as either a tyrant or a hero. He was both.
Answer:
Free blacks in the antebellum period—those years from the formation of the Union until the Civil War—were quite outspoken about the injustice of slavery. Their ability to express themselves, however, was determined by whether they lived in the North or the South. Free Southern blacks continued to live under the shadow of slavery, unable to travel or assemble as freely as those in the North. It was also more difficult for them to organize and sustain churches, schools, or fraternal orders such as the Masons. Although their lives were circumscribed by numerous discriminatory laws even in the colonial period, freed African Americans, especially in the North, were active participants in American society. Black men enlisted as soldiers and fought in the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Some owned land, homes, businesses, and paid taxes. In some Northern cities, for brief periods of time, black property owners voted. A very small number of free blacks owned slaves. The slaves that most free blacks purchased were relatives whom they later manumitted. A few free blacks also owned slave holding plantations in Louisiana, Virginia, and South Carolina. Free African American Christians founded their own churches which became the hub of the economic, social, and intellectual lives of blacks in many areas of the fledgling nation. Blacks were also outspoken in print. Freedom's Journal, the first black-owned newspaper, appeared in 1827. This paper and other early writings by blacks fueled the attack against slavery and racist conceptions about the intellectual inferiority of African Americans. African Americans also engaged in achieving freedom for others, which was a complex and dangerous undertaking. Enslaved blacks and their white sympathizers planned secret flight strategies and escape routes for runaways to make their way to freedom. Although it was neither subterranean nor a mechanized means of travel, this network of routes and hiding places was known as the “underground railroad.” Some free blacks were active “conductors” on the underground railroad while others simply harbored runaways in their homes. Free people of color like Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, David Walker, and Prince Hall earned national reputations for themselves by writing, speaking, organizing, and agitating on behalf of their enslaved compatriots. Thousands of freed blacks, with the aid of interested whites, returned to Africa with the aid of the American Colonization Society and colonized what eventually became Liberia. While some African Americans chose this option, the vast majority felt themselves to be Americans and focused their efforts on achieving equality within the United States.
Explanation:
The answer is immigrants from northern europe
