Your answer is a pure and noble
I’m pretty sure this is called ledger lines, I’m sorry if it’s wrong
I'm pretty sure it is D. I looked all over the internet and 12 is what I found.
The favorite Romantic poets for the composers of Lieder were: Goethe and Heine. Goethe and Heine were two of the leading nineteenth-century writers whose poetry was set by Lieder composers.