<span>To understand Charlotte Brontë, one needs to understand the society in which she grew up.</span>
The theme is the moral or the lesson of the story. After reading the story, which of the answers gives you a lesson that is universal (can apply to anyone) and fits with the story. For example, one could say that the moral of Finding Nemo is "always listen to your parents as they know best". No specific details like names or places are given in the theme.
The first one is A. the tension in the room
and the second one is C. the characterization suggests Anne's optimism