This was known as the "iron curtain." It was a term used to describe the boundary in Europe, which formed at the end of WWII and lasted until the ending of the Cold War.
Napoleon had invaded Spain proving how weak it was, leading country's to revolt after years of discontent.
The salad bowl concept suggests that the integration of the many different cultures of United States residents combine like a salad, as opposed to the more traditional notion of a cultural melting pot. New York City can be considered as being a "salad bowl".
Impressionism was an art movement from 19th century, which began as a private association of Paris-based artists who exhibited publicly in 1894. The term impressionism originated from art critic Louis Leroy, who commented Monet's painting "Impression: Soleil Levant"
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