This sign was prior to the revolution in 1776.
"The folly of England" refers to unfairness of the tax of the stamp. If this tax's enforced, then it cause "Ruin of America" as it would Enrich England and take more money out of the American pockets.
They died from cold,starvation and diseases such as influenza.
They vote directly for the best candidate. But its just the popular vote
Settlement. A settlement means a small group of people living in an area, slowly building homes and farms. This is the same as a colony, so A. Settlement is the best choice.
Hope this helps!