Half life formula
The number of unstable nuclei remaining after time t can be determined according to this equation:
N(t) = N(0) * 0.5^(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the remaining quantity of a substance after time t has elapsed.
N(0) is the initial quantity of this substance.
T is the half-life.
It is also possible to determine the remaining quantity of a substance using a few other parameters:
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-t/τ)
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-λt)
τ is the mean lifetime - the average amount of time a nucleus remains intact.
λ is the decay constant (rate of decay).
All three of the parameters characterizing a substance's radioactivity are related in the following way:
T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ
How to calculate the half life
Determine the initial amount of a substance. For example, N(0) = 2.5 kg.
Determine the final amount of a substance - for instance, N(t) = 2.1 kg.
Measure how long it took for that amount of material to decay. In our experiment, we observed that it took 5 minutes.
Input these values into our half life calculator. It will compute a result for you instantaneously - in this case, the half life is equal to 19.88 minutes.
If you are not certain that our calculator returned the correct result, you can always check it using the half life formula.
Interspecific competition
A type of competition in which organisms belong to different species compete with each others for same resources.
Example
Leopard and lion.
intraspecific competition
A type of competition in which organism belong to same species compete with each others for same resources.
Example
birds for breeding or shelter compete with each others
(D) edge-adapted species
<h3>What is Niche?</h3>
An organism's functional place in an ecosystem is known as its niche.
The biotic elements, which include living components like animals, plants, and fungus, as well as abiotic factors, influence the niche, which is more precisely referred to as the "ecological niche". Abiotic variables are the non-living elements of the environment, including the availability of water, sunlight, and other resources like food and other nutrients.
The distribution and abundance of these elements, as well as how a creature interacts with and changes them, determine its niche within an ecosystem. For instance, when resources are plentiful, a population increases, yet by doing so, the population increases the amount of resources available to predators.
Learn more about Niche with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/24166935
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The answer is
B) Evolution