Almost everyone was a foreigner in the medieval times. Anyone who didn't grow up in your own village or small township would be considered foreign. It still happens in very small townships to a certain extent. Anyone who comes from "outside" is often considered a stranger, even if they live there for years. Found it on Quora
"B. the decline of monarchies" was not a remote cause of the outbreak of World War I, since many of the European countries that entered the war still had kings and queens.