During winter, the temperature of the water at the bottom of Lake Superior in the Northern United States is 4°C (which stands for Celsius). There is a simple explanation for this; in wintertime, the temperature of Lake Superior often stay above -30°F (which stands for Fahrenheit). Most of the time this lake is covered in ice, rendering a cold temperature but not cold enough for Lake Superior not to experience storms when months like October - December roll around the corner.
The country Mongolia was like a buffer state between Russia and China. By definition, a buffer state is a country that's in between two countries or any powerful countries. Both countries sometimes come into agreement of occupying a certain part of the buffer state and can also cause war.