Historian Rayford Logan introduced the idea that the <em>nadir</em> of American race relations took place from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 until the early 20th century. What he meant was that the social and political conditions of that period, made racial tensions grow throughout the country reaching an all-time peak.
His views have been largely supported, as during those years <u>African Americans lost most civil rights they had gained in the Reconstruction</u>. The black community suffered from physical attacks, institutional segregation, and discrimination by the legal system. Alongside these outrageous conditions, a growing expression of white supremacy started to become the norm. Not only African-Americans suffered the consequences, as <u>the chinese community was also impacted by the same kind of violence</u> and institutionalized racism, culminating in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
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Vietnam was divided by the 1954 Geneva Agreement that followed the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. The last Americans were withdrawn from the South on April 30, 1975, following the Communist victory over the Saigon forces supported by the United States.
