Yes, Lincoln was against slavery. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation to set the slaves free.
Historians today consider the period preceding the Renaissance to be the Middle Ages, which effectively began with the fall of Rome in the fifth century and lasted for some eight or nine centuries. ... Following the Renaissance, the world started changing in several significant ways
The process by which a highly developed population's rate of growth will stabilize is called Demographic Transition. Demographic transition is a model that describes the change in population over time. It is the transition in the birth and death rates over the past two hundred years.
C. culture I think it may be all of the above