Induced pluripotent stem cells are somatic cells which have been induced to be pluripotent through a reprogramming process.
<h3>What are induced pluripotent stem cells?</h3>
Induced pluripotent stem cells are somatic cells which have been induced to behave like stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells are produced by introducing gene of original pluripotent stem cells into adult somatic cells.
The main difference between embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is that embryonic stem cells are unlimited while induced pluripotent stem cells are limited in the cell lines they develop into.
Therefore, induced pluripotent stem cells are somatic cells which have been induced to be pluripotent through a reprogramming process.
Learn more about induced pluripotent stem cells at: brainly.com/question/13235525
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RNA has a ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar like DNA. RNA neucleiotides have a uracil base instead of thymine.
Answer:
Having considered how an appropriate primary immune response is mounted to pathogens in both the peripheral lymphoid system and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, we now turn to immunological memory, which is a feature of both compartments. Perhaps the most important consequence of an adaptive immune response is the establishment of a state of immunological memory. Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens that have been encountered previously, and reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Memory responses, which are called secondary, tertiary, and so on, depending on the number of exposures to antigen, also differ qualitatively from primary responses. This is particularly clear in the case of the antibody response, where the characteristics of antibodies produced in secondary and subsequent responses are distinct from those produced in the primary response to the same antigen. Memory T-cell responses have been harder to study, but can also be distinguished from the responses of naive or effector T cells. The principal focus of this section will be the altered character of memory responses, although we will also discuss emerging explanations of how immunological memory persists after exposure to antigen. A long-standing debate about whether specific memory is maintained by distinct populations of long-lived memory cells that can persist without residual antigen, or by lymphocytes that are under perpetual stimulation by residual antigen, appears to have been settled in favor of the former hypothesis.
Axil is the word you are looking for
