I can't really tell you what it is, but I can give you the definition of each of those terms.
"Ode is a formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea. Its stanza forms vary. The Greek or Pindaric (Pindar, ca. 552–442 B.C.E."
"Sonnet is a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of 14 lines that are typically 5-foot iambics rhyming according to a prescribed scheme also : a poem in this pattern."
"A haiku is considered to be more than a type of poem; it is a way of looking at the physical world and seeing something deeper, like the very nature of existence. It should leave the reader with a strong feeling or impression."
"The sestina follows a strict pattern of the repetition of the initial six end-words of the first stanza through the remaining five six-line stanzas, culminating in a three-line envoi. The lines may be of any length, though in its initial incarnation, the sestina followed a syllabic restriction."
*Not my words!*
Hope this helps!
The correct answer is D. Weed tree that wreaks havoc on the environment is referred to favorably as the "tree-of-heaven."
Explanation:
Irony occurs when the outcome in a situation is not the one expected or words have an opposite meaning to the literal meaning. In the excerpt, there is irony because the three known as the "tree-of-heaven" in China is an invasive and harmful species. This can be seen in "implacable invaders capable of rooting in tiny chinks in subway tunnels" and in "heaving up sidewalks and wreaking havoc in sewers" that shows the power the tree has to invade spaces and destroy structures despite the name suggests the tree is positive. This means there is an incongruence between the expectations about the tree and the reality. Thus, the statement that explains irony is statement D.
