The Founding Fathers were influenced by Montesquieu when making the constitution. Mostly because of his idea of the separation of powers.
Pope Urban II calls the first crusade - this event was caused as Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an appeal to Urban for assistance. Urban united Christian Europe to fight against the Turks to take back the Holy Land.
Urban degraded Muslims in speeches with exaggerating stories of anti-Christian acts, giving the united Christian Europe a common enemy and a promised reward.
The Christians were, however, initially beaten back due to inexperience and lack of discipline.
Hope this helps!
I think it is the last one if not then it is the first one
The eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in 1883 is considered one of the most violent and deadly in history. In August 1883, this volcanic activity ended with the lives of approximately 36,000 people. One of the ways in which this activity directly affected the population of the region was by the blasts of the volcano and the consequent thermal injuries. Another way in which the population was affected was by the tsunamis generated by the collapse of the volcano. Finally, the eruption had an impact on the global climate, generating temperature drops throughout the world.
