Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
Answer: 50% will be purple
There’s a 50% chance the genes will be heter*zygous (Pp, purple flower) and 50% chance they will be hom*zygous recessive (pp, white flower)
Punnet square drawing attached
Answer:
During mitosis, the nucleus divides. Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two cells. After cytokinesis, cell division is complete. Scientists say that one parent cell, or the dividing cell, forms two genetically identical daughter cells, or the cells that divide from the parent cell. The term "genetically identical" means that each cell has an identical set of DNA, and this DNA is also identical to that of the parent cell. If the cell cycle is not carefully controlled, it can cause a disease called cancer, which causes cell division to happen too fast. A tumor can result from this kind of growth.
During mitosis, the two sister chromatids must be split apart. Each resulting chromosome is made of 1/2 of the "X". Through this process, each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome. Mitosis is divided into four phases:
Prophase: The chromosomes "condense," or become so tightly wound that you can see them under a microscope. The wall around the nucleus, called the nuclear envelope, disappears. Spindles also form and attach to chromosomes to help them move.
Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. The chromosomes line up in a row, one on top of the next.
Anaphase: The two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes.
Telophase: The spindle dissolves and nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes in both cells.
This statement is true. Neurons are not connected but they pass signals to each other through the synapse. The dendrites of the neurons are covered with synapses that allows them to send signals towards the next axon ahead of them.
Answer:
Glycolysis is a linear metabolic pathway of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose into two molecules of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen or into two molecules of lactate in the absence of oxygen.
Explanation:
