Between 1841 and 1850 Ireland should be first and then Germany.
To gather a large population of the people they were against efficiently to concentration camps, usually to clear ghettos without liquidation.
The correct answer is b.universal because the actual definition for universal is- affecting, or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group; applicable to all cases. Hope this helps! :)
The first one is the answer ;)