Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thembu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo, where his father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (c. 1880-1928), served as chief. His mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of Mphakanyiswa’s four wives, who together bore him nine daughters and four sons. After the death of his father in 1927, 9-year-old Mandela—then known by his birth name, Rolihlahla—was adopted by Jongintaba Dalindyebo, a high-ranking Thembu regent who began grooming his young ward for a role within the tribal leadership.
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Hatshepsut is the female pharaoh who encouraged trade
The national government got stronger thanks to the Articles of Confederation being replaced with the US Constitution. The Articles of Confederation was America's first constitution. This constitution lasted roughly a decade, as it was extremely ineffective and gave the federal government very little power. For example, the federal government could not collect taxes or force states to follow national laws.
When the US Constitution was passed, the federal government gained significant power. This included the creation of an executive branch, the idea that federal laws trump state laws, and the ability to raise funds in order to create a national military.
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he and the colonists had agreed that a message would be carved into a tree if they had moved and would include an image of a Maltese Cross if the decision was made by force.
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