i think you mean antibiotic ... but Alexander Fleming was the one who advanced the antibiotic (world) and was responsible for creating these categories of medicine... this affected the 20th century because millions of people use antibiotics everyday and without them... many diseases would still affect people without a cure
I think it is D: the spread of the Roman Catholic Church.
"The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War."
Based on the fact that Charleston Mercury was a southern sympathizer, the editor most likely chooses the name "War of Southern Independence" for the US Civil War.