The first sentence although I believe the last one is also correct.
<span>I believe, when it comes to centuries of invasion from numerous outsiders who then contributed to a cultural diffusion in the Middle East, it has led to those indigenous people being scared to do anything that might upset any foreign invaders.</span>
B and C. These are both benefits, the other two just don't have anything to do with what the question is asking.
C) The British navy had only 16 warships available for the conflict with the United States
